Table 1 Search strategy

Databases/Search Engines/Publishers

Nature (164), PubMed (157), Scopus (83), ScienceDirect (185), Dimensions (118), Web of Science (63), Ebsco Host (51), ProQuest (77), JStore (93), Semantic Scholar (81), Taylor & Francis (96), Emeralds (94), World Health Organisation (18), and Google Scholar (408)

Language filter

English

Time filter

January 1, 2010 to October 31, 2023

Spatial filter

Worldwide

MeSH terms used

1. Confidentiality – “Entry Terms” OR “Secrecy” OR “Privileged Communication” OR “Communication, Privileged” OR “Communications, Privileged” OR “Privileged Communications” OR “Confidential Information” OR “Information, Confidential” OR “Privacy of Patient Data” OR “Data Privacy, Patient” OR “Patient Data Privacy” OR “Privacy, Patient Data”

2. Artificial Intelligence – “Intelligence, Artificial” OR “Computational intelligence” OR “Intelligence, Computational” OR “Machine Intelligence” OR “Intelligence, Machine” OR “Computer Reasoning” OR “Reasoning, Computer” OR “AI (Artificial Intelligence)” OR “Computer Vision Systems” OR “Computer Vision System” OR “Systems, Computer Vision” OR “System, Computer Vision” OR “Vision System, Computer” OR “Vision Systems, Computer” OR “Knowledge Acquisition (Computer)” OR “Acquisition, Knowledge (Computer)” OR “Knowledge Representation (Computer)” OR “Knowledge Representations (Computer)” OR “Representation, Knowledge (Computer)”

Inclusion criteria

Articles must be AI and health-related, primary research and conducted in the English Language, applied either quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods. In addition, the articles must provide details on perceived positive effects of AI use in healthcare, and conducted between January 1, 2010 and October 31, 2023. Again, articles must provide details on author(s), purpose, methods, country, and conclusion

Exclusion criteria

Articles on AI and health but did not touch on perceived positive effects of AI tools use in healthcare, reviewed articles on AI use in health, and articles on AI and health conducted in languages other than the English Language. Furthermore, abstracts, opinion pieces, short reports, incomplete articles, commentaries, grey literature, and media reports on AI and health were also ignored