Fig. 1

The Chronology of the GPOC Series. In 2020 the structure of the series’ five parts was planned, and the coming studies were conceptualised. The GPOC systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out in the first half of 2022. This study was recently published [1]. The following GPOC Survey required long preparations and networking to successfully invite all entities. The survey was closed in August 2022, with 100% of the 193 UN member states and three other states and 18 organisations participating [2]. From June, data for the review and inquiries on ethics, policies and regulations were assembled in parallel with an interview series [4]. The main session of the GPOC Summit occurred on 20th September 2022. The GPOC Sandbox was finally constructed, based on all the insights from the entire GPOC Series [3]. For details and Source Data, see the respective publications