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Table 3 Contribution to learning. Means (Mn), standard deviations (SD), frequencies and percentages, along with p-values for independent t-tests (with Cohen’s d effect sizes (es)), that compared EMS (N = 323) to Medical (N = 51) professionals on how well the VR system contributed to their learning

From: Learner evaluation of an immersive virtual reality mass casualty incident simulator for triage training

Item

Profession

N

Mn

SD

1–2

3

4–5

The MCI-VR generated score accurately reflected of my performance

EMS

323

3.94

.72

11 (3)

57 (18)

255 (79)

MED

51

3.71

.90

6 (12)

12 (24)

33 (64)

Feedback from MCI-VR will help me improve as a first responder.* (es = .55)

EMS

323

4.31

.59

3 (1)

13 (4)

307 (95)

MED

51

4.63

.49

0

0

51 (100)

Practicing in the MCI-VR simulator would make me a more effective first responder.* (es = .52)

EMS

323

4.17

.71

6 (2)

41 (13)

276 (85)

MED

51

4.53

.54

0

1 (2)

50 (98)

My MCI-VR performance was a valid assessment of my current skill as a first responder

EMS

321

3.88

.82

18 (6)

62 (19)

241 (75)

MED

51

3.78

.83

4 (8)

12 (23)

35 (69)

  1. Notes: Learning was evaluated on a 5-point Likert Response Set: (1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Disagree/Agree Equally (D/A =), 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree). Percentages are based on numbers within professional group (ie. row percentages). Adjusted P-values for significance were: k/P = .05/5 = .01
  2. * P ≤ .001; es = Cohen’s D effect sizes, which can be interpreted as: .2 to .4 = small, .5 to .7 = intermediate, and ≥ .80 = large [28]