Table 4 Strengths and Limitations of the Selected Study Articles
Name of the app | Strengths | Limitations |
|---|---|---|
MedWatcher | ● Two-way communication channel ● Direct patient involvement ● User-friendly web and mobile app ● Increase efficiency ● Utilization of the VigiGrade completeness scores to evaluate the quality of the data ● Anonymized versions were available for privacy and safety ● Images can be submitted ● More complete reports | ● The app is primarily intended for the patients using the app reside in the USA ● Available only in English |
VigiBIP | ● Ease of patient reporting (Data and Photographs of ADRs) ● Better clinical characteristics documentation of ADRs for causality assessment ● Two-way communication channel | ● Non-presentiveness of users ● Potential lack of medical information |
ADR reporting app© (App©) | ● Ensures mandatory data has been entered leading to valid and complete reports ● The reporter information is saved, reducing the need to repetitive data entry ● Bilateral standardization has been introduced for the communication gap between input operator and output analyzer ● Built-in algorithm for Causality assessment enhances the reporter’s knowledge, objectivity ● User friendly interface | ● Signatures cannot be placed in App© submissions ● Only available in Android platforms lacking versions for iOS, Lumia and desktop ● Follow up on previous cases need to filled afresh |
My eReport France | ● New opportunities for Real-world Data Collection ● Early detection of ADRs ● Pictures can be uploaded ● Directly report submission to the Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance, | ● Due to the international diversity of pharmacology systems results may not be directly replicable in other countries with similar ADR reporting mechanisms ● Persons with multiple sclerosis, chronic condition with an evolving therapeutic regimen were only included ● User experience and app design were not considered |
WEB-RADR apps Contains 3 Apps (Yellow Card, LAREB, HALMED) | ● Dual Quality Measurements, vigiGrade (technical completeness of the reports) and ClinDoc (clinical quality) | ● Potential biases in app user preferences |
Med Safety | ● Designed to support low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) use ● Use of this app in low-resource settings ● Two-way risk communication ● Designed for multi-region use Language ● Security of the app ● Source of safety information provided through the app | ● There is currently no study that documents challenges and facilitators for the use of a mobile app for reporting ADRs in LMICs ● Concerned about the privacy and security of personal information |